বিষবৃক্ষ : বাঙালি গার্হস্থ্য জীবনের নৈতিক বাস্তবতা ও সামাজিক দ্বন্দ্বের সাহিত্যিক রূপান্তর/ Bishbrikkha : A Literary Transformation of the Moral Reality and Social Conflicts of Bengali Domestic Life

Abstract

In ‘Bishabriksha’, Bankimchandra Chattopadhyay transcends the boundaries of historical narration and romantic fiction to enter the intricate psychological and moral realities of nineteenth-century Bengali domestic life. The characters in this novel are not merely vehicles of the plot; they are living embodiments of the interrelation between real-life experience, social conventions, and personal emotions. Through their joys and sorrows, desires and limitations, Bankimchandra portrays the deep-seated conflict between the individual and society—constructing, on one hand, the subtle atmosphere of family life, while, on the other, revealing the social and ethical complexities of nineteenth-century Bengali society. Thus, ‘Bishabriksha’ is not merely a domestic novel; it stands as a profound socio-psychological document of the tensions among individual freedom, gender hierarchy, social obligation, and moral reform. The objective of this paper is to examine how Bankimchandra Chattopadhyay transforms the intimate crises of family life into larger social and cultural truths, and how his characters, through the undercurrents of social ethics, attain a consciousness of moral selfhood and human development.