ভারতের সমাজ, রাজনৈতিক সংস্কৃতি ও রাজনৈতিক ব্যবস্থার আন্তঃসম্পর্ক : একটি পর্যালোচনা/ Interrelationship between Indian Society, Political Culture, and Political System : A Review

Abstract

Indian society, political culture and the political system together form a complex and interdependent structure. The country’s multidimensional social diversity such as religion, language, caste and class deeply influences its political culture. This culture plays a crucial role in shaping citizens’ political behavior, patterns of participation, and their attitudes toward the state and governance. India’s political system is based on a constitutional democratic framework that reflects the principles of secularism, unity and equality. However, social inequalities, particularly those based on caste and economic status, limit the effectiveness of this system. The political culture in India reflects democratic values, tolerance and pluralism; on the other hand, it also shows tendencies of identity-based politics, party loyalty and patronage. The relationship among these three elements is reciprocal in nature. For example, policies such as reservation and welfare programs have played a significant role in promoting social justice. Political culture essentially reflects citizens perceptions and trust toward the state, government and political institutions. India’s political system, rooted in the Constitution, emphasizes the rule of law, fundamental rights and electoral processes as key components. Yet, internal social inequalities especially those based on caste, gender and economic status affect its functioning and sometimes hinder the realization of democratic ideals. Therefore, a critical analysis of the interrelationship among society, political culture and the political system is essential for a comprehensive understanding of Indian democracy.