Social Portrayal of Women in Bani Basu’s Maitreya Jatak/ নারীর সামাজিক অবস্থানের প্রেক্ষিতে বাণী বসুর ‘মৈত্রেয় জাতক’

Abstract

Buddhism holds a significant place in Indian history, and the social and political aspects of the Buddha’s era form the core of ‘Maitreya Jatak’, a novel by Bani Basu published in 1996. This novel provides a modern perspective on the social and political conditions of Buddha's time, with a particular focus on the lives of women during that period. It critically explores their roles, societal value, and the challenges they faced, both emotional and psychological.

         The women portrayed in the novel come from diverse social backgrounds. We encounter characters like Bishakha, a woman from a wealthy merchant family; Jitosoma, a famous courtesan; Queen Khema, who becomes a Buddhist bhikkhuni; and Kanha, a female slave. Despite their differing social and economic statuses, the novel delves deeply into the common struggles these women face in a patriarchal society. Their emotional battles and societal limitations are intricately examined.

         Bishakha, for instance, is a wealthy, educated woman who follows the path of Gautama Buddha. As a devout supporter of the Sangha, she donates generously to the Buddhist community. However, later in life, she realizes that the status of women in society is deteriorating, and many Bhikkhus are becoming idle parasites, evading responsibility under the guise of Buddhism. Jitosoma, a wise and independent courtesan, aspires to live life on her own terms but is ultimately unable to achieve her dream. Apart from Jitosoma, the novel also sheds light on the lives of other courtesans during that time. Kanha, a slave woman, though personally content, believes that there is no happiness for women as a whole and sees no escape from the collective suffering of her gender.

          Through these characters, ‘Maitreya Jatak’ provides a vivid portrayal of women’s lives over 2,500 years ago, illustrating their social status, the limitations imposed upon them, and the challenges they faced. The novel offers a critical reflection on the rights, roles, and value of women in ancient society, resonating with issues still relevant today.