Women, Environment and Religion: A New Horizon of the Environmental Movement in the Indian Subcontinent/ নারী, পরিবেশ ও ধর্ম : ভারতীয় উপমহাদেশের প্রেক্ষাপটে পরিবেশ আন্দোলনের নতুন দিগন্ত

Abstract

The term environmental feminism began to be mentioned in various environmental and feminist theories since 1970s and 1980s. The term environmental feminism was first coined by Francoise d'Eaubonne in her book "Le Feminisme on la Mort" (Feminism or Death) in 1974. Feminist writer Ynestra King and others have referred to this as the third Wave of the feminist movement. Environmental feminism acts as an environmental critique of feminism as well as a feminist critique of environmentalism. According to environmental feminists, any kind of exploitation and oppression of nature and oppression of women in patriarchal societies are synonymous and should be seen as the same. In this context it can be said, "Women must see that there can be no liberation for them and no solution to the ecological crisis within a society whose fundamental model of relationships continues to be one of domination. They must unite the demands of the women's movement with Those of the ecological movement to envision a radical reshaping of the basic socioeconomic relations and the underlying values ​​of right.”

              Therefore, it can be said that eco feminism is a multi-faceted theory whose main point is that women are bound in an eternal bond with the environment, with nature. That is why the devaluation of the world is synonymous with the defamation of women One of the branches of this environmental feminism is spiritual activism, which is an amalgamation of three separate movements of the second half of the 20th century, namely - the spiritual movement, the environmental movement and the feminist movement. Although the three movements were carried out in completely different contexts, it is undeniable that the main source of all three movements lies in the various defects and deviations of the patriarchal social structure.