Santal Religion and Current Situation : A Survey/ সাঁওতালদের ধর্ম ও বর্তমান পরিস্থিতি : একটি সমীক্ষা

Abstract

This paper surveys the traditional religious beliefs and current challenges faced by the Santal community, one of the oldest and largest indigenous groups in South Asia. Deeply intertwined with nature, Santal religion emphasises the worship of natural elements and ancestors, with no idol worship or formal temples. Key deities like Marang Buru and Jaher Ayo represent the creative and nurturing forces of nature. The paper explores their vibrant festival calendar, which is intrinsically linked to agricultural cycles, reflects their gratitude towards nature. It then delves into the contemporary issues that impact Santal religious identity, along with the influence of Christianity and Hinduism, the ongoing demand for 'Sarna Dharm Code' recognition, and the pressures of urbanisation and modernity. The internal debate between 'Sarna' and 'Sari' as distinct religious identities is also discussed, highlights the community's struggle for self-preservation. Finally, the paper proposes solutions for the constitutional recognition, preservation, and academic study of Santal religion, advocates for cultural confidence among the youth and legal protection against religious discrimination.